A vaccine is prepared by using a weakened/killed form, or the parts of the bacteria or virus (using vectors) that cause a particular disease. When a vaccine is given to the child, a protective response against the targeted disease-causing agent is activated by a generation of pathogen-specific antibodies. These antibodies that flow in the blood serum react with the microbial antigen and neutralize its effect or kill the pathogen when it enters the child's body. The vaccines prepare the body by creating a memory for the same pathogen and give permanent protection to the child in case of subsequent episodes of actual infection. Hence, the child will not feel sick as the body is prepared to fight against the illness. This is known as active immunity provided to children when natural passive immunity from the mother has declined. The general pediatrician will give a schedule of vaccination for the child which should be followed from birth. Some of them require booster doses while for others one shot is enough. Currently, the following vaccines are being provided to children and youngsters below 18 years under the Immunization program.
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